
JOIN THE 'QUIET' REVOLUTION
Niki Raapana
March 21, 2009
"In the U.S. community policing originated as a "quiet revolution" seeking recognition in the 70s (Kelling, 1988; Greene, 1989) and has since become a tour de force to be reckoned with in the 90s. (Bayley and Sheering, 1997; Rosenbaum, 1994; Cordner, 1989). " Community Policing in China: Continuity and Change, by Kam C. Wong, 2000 http://www.polizei-newsletter.de/documents/Community_PolicinginChWong.pdf.
"There are at least two areas where the federal government can and should act to promote security in inner city neighborhoods: (1) Community Policing for inner city residents (2) Drug treatment for inner city offenders." The Essential Communitarian Reader, by Amitai Etzioni, 1998.
"When Professor Herman Goldstein of the University of Wisconsin Law School developed the concept of problem-oriented policing (also known as community policing and neighborhood policing), he must have envisioned what an important role this theory would have on the future of police work. Professor Goldstein's theory is based mostly on what seems to be a common-sense way of approaching crime problems in the community, that is, to address the problems that cause or encourage criminal activity not merely to enforce the laws that prohibit such activities. At the heart of every community-oriented policing program is this concept." http://ruralhall.govoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={DAA95C90-AB37-4604-9330-0605CA8B7BD9}
"Community Safety and LA21: 8.6 Just as a fair and equitable society is essential for a sustainable future, so too is an environment in which people are free from crime and the fear of crime. Since 1993, a highly localised multi-agency Community Safety Partnership - involving the Council, Police, Probation Service, voluntary sector and the local business community - has been working to combat crime, vandalism and anti-social behaviour in the Borough. The effectiveness of this approach and the broad range of crime prevention measures implemented as part of the Community Safety Strategy have helped to make Tameside a safer place for the whole community. Community Safety Plan: 8.7 In preparing the Community Safety Plan for Tameside required by Government during 1998, the Partnership recognises that crime prevention initiatives must be complemented with actions aimed at changing attitudes and behaviour, if there is to be a lasting reduction in the levels of crime and anti-social behaviour." http://www.tameside.gov.uk/la21/poverty
"New Democrat policies transcend the stale left-right debate and define a Third Way for governing based on progressive ideas, mainstream values, and innovative solutions that reflect changing times. New Democrat ideas that have become law include national service, work-based welfare reform, charter schools, community policing, an expanded earned-income tax credit, and market incentives for environmental protection." Overview | June 1, 1998, About The New Democrat Movement http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=85&subid=109&contentid=894
"PPI has long promoted innovative strategies for preventing crime. For example, its work in the early '90s inspired the Clinton Administration's "100,000 cops" initiative as well as its support for community-oriented policing. Building on this foundation, PPI has launched the Community Crime Fighting Project aimed at identifying and promoting the next generation of crime-fighting ideas and technologies. The Project works to develop a Third Way on crime and public safety that transcends the right's singular focus on punishing crime through maximum incarceration and the left's fixation on more social spending to address the "root causes" of crime. The new approach instead envisions refocusing every part of the criminal justice system on empowering communities to take charge of their own self-defense." PPI | Project Description | June 29, 2000, About PPI's Community Crime Fighting Project http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=119&subsecID=202&contentID=602
"Linking anti-crime efforts with economic revitalization activities in high-crime neighborhoods, addressing the single greatest impediment to private-sector investment while providing economic opportunities for at-risk populations." PPI | Project Description | June 29, 2000, About PPI's Community Crime Fighting Project http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=119&subsecID=202&contentID=602
"One of the core elements of the COMPASS initiative is the creation of a data infrastructure which contains information from a variety of sources. These data will include extant social indicator data (e.g., employment statistics; housing information; land use data; school data; hospital records; asset mapping) and a host of safety information (e.g., incident-based crime data; arrest statistics; calls for service; court and corrections data; victimization surveys; and fear of crime data)." http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/
"Asset mapping" is included as a "core element[s]" of Kerlikowske's database.
"2. Creating a national-level intelligence fusion center within the Department of Homeland Security as a complement to the National Counterterrorism Center" PPI | Policy Report | September 12, 2008, Getting Intelligence Reform Right By Jim Arkedis.
"And we are in the process of designing and implementing a regional fusion center which seeks to integrate, to the greatest extent possible, private sector participation. The City of Seattle and the Puget Sound region - like many communities across the nation - has the capacity to transform our time-tested, profound personal relationships within the private sector into a system and structure of regular information sharing. So in thinking about the potential for public-private intelligence sharing, I believe it is not so much a matter of will as a matter of structure and design, and of overcoming impediments that frustrate our shared commitment to collaborate. The real key to this transformation, however, consists of law enforcement consciously and purposefully broadening its engagement with the private sector, much in the same way we have asked DHS to expand the scope of their engagement and partnership with local law enforcement."
"But there's little evidence COPS has worked, and there's some evidence it has actually encouraged police tactics completely at odds with the objectives of community policing. A 2005 report by the Government Accountability Office concluded that the program may have contributed to a minor reduction in crime - a little more than 1 percent - but at a cost of $8 billion. A peer-reviewed study in the journal Criminology concluded that COPS "had little to no effect on crime." "The main problem with federal block grants is that once they're issued, Congress can't monitor them to be sure they're spent properly. And that's certainly true of COPS. A 2000 report by the Madison Times, for example, found that COPS grants, along with a federal program through which local police departments obtain surplus military equipment from the Pentagon, led to a mass expansion of SWAT teams throughout Wisconsin in the 1990s. SWAT teams popped up in absurdly small communities like Forest County (population 9,950), Mukwonago (7,519), and Rice Lake (8,320). "And not just in Wisconsin. In a survey conducted by criminologist Peter Kraska, two-thirds of responding police chiefs said SWAT teams and paramilitary tactics "play an important role in community policing strategies."" Bad Cop: Why Obama is getting criminal justice policy wrong. By Radley Balko Posted Monday, Oct. 6, 2008, at 3:57 PM ET http://www.slate.com/id/2201632/pagenum/all/#p2
Former Seattle Police chief Norm Stamper explains the neeed to restructure policing in his book, Breaking Rank:
""The paramilitary bureaucracy" of police departments, Stamper writes, "is a slow-footed, buck-passing, blame-laying, bullying, bigotry-fostering institutional arrangement, as constipated by tradition and as resistant to change as Mel Gibson's version of the Catholic Church. I cannot imagine other essential reforms in policing - improved crime-fighting, safety and morale of the force, the honoring of constitutional guarantees - without significant structural transformation." Italics his." Seeing Red, Former SDPD officer Norm Stamper's memoir, Breaking Rank' is an angry eye-opener about police culture, Reviewed by Neal Matthews, May 29, 2005 http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050529/news_lz1v29rank.html
On March 11th, President Obama signed into law the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, which provides funding this year for the COPS Office. This funding is in addition to the $1 billion that was recently appropriated for the COPS Hiring Recovery Program (CHRP) under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. In total, COPS received $550 million for FY 2009. This includes funding for Community Policing Development, Indian Country, Methamphetamine, Law Enforcement Technology, Secure Our Schools, and Child Sexual Predator Elimination."
In November, 2002 writer Doug Thompson expressed his concern over the creation of the DHS in Capitol Hill Blue, Welcome to the American Gestapo:
"Some may argue the current terrorist threat requires such drastic measures. But what happens when that threat is met? The Department of Homeland Security and its draconian powers will still exist. Who will determine the new threat? Who will decide who becomes the enemy? "An evil exists that threatens every man, woman and child of this great nation," the leader of another country once wrote. "We must take steps to ensure our domestic security and protect our homeland." That was Adoph Hitler, writing about creation of the Gestapo in Nazi Germany."
Maybe I'm dreaming, but I see this as a legitimate effort to restore the police to their original job status. We have to stop using them as behavior modification enforcement. I met several police in Seattle who told me they're a "real cop" and not a "community cop." Mental Health Officers and Community Service Officers may be well intentioned people. But they need to get out of the police force and go back to social services where they belong. They need to get out of urban planning and home abatements. The need to get out of the domestic spying business. We need to make a clear distinction between a solider and a cop. The entire COPS program needs to be subject to a massive public review of its objectives and every innovative program it uses to achieve them. We too can adopt Obama's methods for community organizing. We could start this by taking back our communities, one police station at a time.
"THE COMMUNITY POLICING ADVISORY COUNCIL: The advisory council is composed of community leaders representing many different segments of the population. This group meets monthly with the Chief of Police and occasionally other staff members, to provide unfiltered input from the community to police management. This direct interaction between the police and the community facilitates the building of partnerships and provides a community perspective on department policy and procedures." http://www.ci.santa-maria.ca.us/40453.html
Notes:
* "Galluzzo (Director of the Gamiel Foundation) trained college-grad Diers in how to organize a fractious community. They formed SESCO, the South End Seattle Community Organization. It was a powerhouse, one of the most successful neighborhood groups in city history. It killed the incinerator.Diers went on to head Seattle's Department of Neighborhoods and write a book on bottom-up organizing, called "Neighbor Power." (Jim Diers also served on the Urban Policy Committee for Barack Obama's campaign) Galluzzo stayed in Seattle for four years, then moved to Chicago. Not long after, he trained another raw college grad looking for a purpose, named Barack Obama." http://whitecenternow.com/2008/11/24/jim-diers-of-west-seattle-and-white-center-advising-obama-on-urban-affairs/
How many Americans have read Obama's Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel's book:
"The only truly outlandish part of their platform is a call for "universal citizen service" in the style of a state like Israel, in which all 18-year-olds would be required to perform a few months of community service and learn some "disaster preparedness" skills. Seems like a good idea, but good luck convincing the public that it�s not a draft." The Harvard Crimson review, http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=514865. THE PLAN, Big Ideas for Change in America, RAHM EMANUEL AND BRUCE REED http://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/publicaffairsbooks-cgi-bin/display?book=9781586484125
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